Category Archives: Historical Figures

Osama bin Laden and the CIA

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I’ve posted  of a review in four parts on that link of this web site  about the excellent book, “The Looming Tower, al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11” by Lawrence Wright. The book describes how U.S. intelligence agencies failed to share information after they finally understood the risks presented by al Qaeda. That failure was created by government actions and decrees. According to an MSNBC report, Deputy Attorney General Jamie Gorelick of the Clinton administration issued a memo in 1995 that gave detailed instructions to “…more clearly separate the counterintelligence investigation from…criminal investigations.” That memo resulted in what Attorney General Ashcroft later described as “…a snarled web of requirements, restrictions, and regulations… (that) prevented decisive action by our men and women in the field.” Ashcroft was testifying to the 9/11 Commission, and Jamie Gorelick, the author of the memo, was a member of that Commission. Ashcroft also told the Commission, “Government erected this wall. Government buttressed this wall. And before September 11, government was blinded by this wall.”

The CIA knew twenty months before 9/11 that there were at least two al Qaeda operatives in California and never told the FBI, perhaps because of the “wall” that had been built by the  Gorelick memo. Absent this artificial and strictly bureaucratic “wall” the CIA could have alerted the FBI that they knew al Qaeda members were in the United States and some were learning to fly planes. Absent the Gorelick memo, perhaps more attention would have been given to an e-mail from an FBI agent in Phoenix suggesting that Osama bin Laden was sending al Qaeda members to flight schools in Arizona. There also was a memo from FBI agents in Minneapolis focusing on activities of Zacarias Moussaoui, the only person indicted as part of the 9/11 conspiracy. Perhaps communication between the CIA and FBI, if it had been allowed by law and not been prohibited by the Gorelick memo, would have allowed agents from the two agencies to “connect the dots” and prevent al Qaeda from flying planes into the World Trade Center and Pentagon.

Regardless of what might have been if the agencies had been allowed to act responsibly
instead of according to government rules, Osama bin Laden died not knowing that he had succeeded at killing two CIA employees along with several others during the al Qaeda bombing of the U.S. Embassy in Kenya. He had said the embassy was targeted because it was a CIA station. Tom Shah and Molly Huckaby Hardy were working undercover for the CIA in the embassy. Tom Shah was the son of an Indian immigrant father and an American mother.  He had received his doctorate in music from Ball State in Indiana. He was fluent in several languages including Hindi, Arabic, and Russian. He joined the government under the cover of being a diplomat, but was immediately sent for training to become a spy. He had been dispatched to Kenya with the assignment to determine theauthenticity of a senior member of Saddam Hussein’s regime, who had said he wanted to defect. Tom walked to a window at the embassy when he heard shooting, and was killed by shredding glass when the bomb exploded.

Hardy was the other CIA agent killed by the bombing. She was a 51 year old divorced mom who had travelled to Asia, South America, and Africa. She handled finances, including handing out money used to pay sources. She was looking forward to a trip to meet a new grandchild when the bomb killed her.  She and Hardy were listed as State Department employees, but sources said they received private memorial services at CIA headquarters. Leon Panetta said after the death of bin Laden, “Throughout the effort to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat al Qaeda, our fallen colleagues have been with us in memory and in spirit. With their strength and determination as our guide, we achieved a great victory three weeks ago.”

The Looming Tower, Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11–Part III

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The first two parts of the review of the book by Lawrence Wright were about the origins of al-Qaeda and the role of world Arabs, including bin Laden and al-Zawahiri, in the fighting against the Soviets in Afghanistan and the civil war that continued for years after the retreat of the Soviets. The young Arabs who had trained for guerrilla warfare in Afghanistan were not often welcome to return to their home countries. They had been indoctrinated with a culture of martyrdom, and takfir, which was the declaration by one Muslim that another Muslim was an unbeliever. Those who returned to Saudi Arabia were immediately arrested for several days of interrogation. In that unwelcoming atmosphere bin Laden must have been pleased when Hasan al-Turabi, a senior official in Sudan, invited him to move to his country. Bin Laden seemed to be settling into a more quiet life there, but he continued to fret about the continued presence of American troops in Saudi Arabia and continued to agitate for attacks on America. Salafist (Salafi Muslims who support jihad) movements were arising across the Arab world, and they found a safe haven to organize in Khartoum. A new vision of al-Qaeda was born with a fatwa encouraging attacks on American troops and declaring that it was allowable for innocent people to be killed in the process.

Bin Laden had once remarked about the World Trade Center was “…those awesome symbolic towers that speak of liberty, human rights and humanity…” That must have been before he began financing Omar Abdul Rahman, the blind sheikh who conspired to bring the towers down. Rahman issued a fatwa allowing bank robbery and killing of Jews, and travelled the United States and Canada giving sermons to immigrant Muslims. He preached that Americans were “…descendants of apes and pigs who have been feeding from the dining tables of the Zionists, Communists, and colonialists.” Ramzi Yousef had been with bin Laden at an al-Qaeda camp in Afghanistan, and he was the man who was sent by Rahman to drive a rented van into the basement of the World Trade Center and light fuses attached to the load of explosives. He hoped to topple the towers and kill a quarter of a million people. The explosion did destroy six stories of structural steel and cement, killed six, and injured 1042. The towers shook and swayed, but did not fall. Yousef escaped to Manila where he plotted to blow up airliners, assassinate the Pope and President Clinton, and to crash a plane into CIA headquarters. Continue reading →

The Looming Tower, Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11–Part II

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I wrote in the first part of this review of the book by Lawrence Wright that I thought it should be required reading for any public official who refuses to use the term “war on terror.”The first part focused on the origins of the radical Muslim organization called al-Qaeda. This part will cover the many failures in initial attempts by bin-Laden to develop a fighting force of world Arabs to help the mujahideen combat the Soviets in Afghanistan. That is followed by his struggles to keep his ideas about combating the west and the U.S. in particular alive after the Soviets were defeated. However, Soviet defeat wasn’t expected in the early days after the invasion. The Muslim world was shaken by the invasion, and Saudi Prince Turki al-Faisal travelled to Pakistan to gauge what was going on there. He and other visitors to follow were appalled at the conditions in the refugee camps. He believed Afghanistan was lost, and that the only hope was to delay the expected invasion of Pakistan. The U.S. was hoping that the Soviets now had their own “Vietnam war.”

The mujahideen standing against the Soviets were little more than disorganized mobs. The Pakistani Intelligence Service (ISI) insisted that they would only provide aid to six factions with a warlord at the head of each, and the estimated 3.27 million refugees had to sign up with one of those six parties to be eligible for aid. Turki insisted on a seventh party that would better represent Saudi interests. The seven mujahideen leaders became known to the CIA and other intelligence agencies as the Seven Dwarves. Bin Laden stayed away from the battlefield for years in “Fear of Bodily Participation,” a fact that caused him great shame. He also lost his business in Medina and forfeited about $2.5 million in profits. In 1984 he was taken to a mujahideen camp that was attacked by Soviet jets, but the missiles failed to explode. The Afghans had not even jumped into trenches with the frightened Arabs. Bin-Laden was so impressed by the bravery of the Afghans that he immediately returned to Saudi Arabia and raised millions of dollars to support efforts to help refugees. A fatwa was issued that required every able-bodied Muslim to support the jihad in Afghanistan, which was even to take precedence over the Palestinian struggle against Israel. Bin Laden was “paying the rent” for the Arabs who arrived to join the fight. Continue reading →

The Looming Tower, Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11–Part I

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This book by Lawrence Wright should be required reading for anyone who thinks the term “War on Terror” is insensitive or politically incorrect. The book describes the history of al-Qaeda and the disturbing story of how the failure U.S. intelligence agencies to cooperate assured that they wouldn’t detect the plans to fly airplanes into the Twin Towers, Pentagon, and White House. I intend to do the review in at least four parts, and this part will focus on the origins of al-Qaeda. The doctrine of the modern Islamic movement was developed by Sayyid Qutb (pronounced “Kuh-tub”), who at the age of 42 was a student for six months at what was then the Colorado State College of Education in Greeley, Colorado. He was an Egyptian, a fervent nationalist, and anti-communist who was radicalized by the British occupation of Egypt. He and other Arabs admired how the immigrant nation of America was “…the anticolonial paragon…,” but felt betrayed when America supported the Zionist cause beginning with Harry Truman endorsing the transfer of a hundred thousand Jewish refugees into Palestine. Qutb was influenced to join the Muslim Brothers that had been founded by Hasan al-Banna, and he gained fame as an Islamic thinker by his writings. Qutb found Greeley to be beautiful, but he was scandalized by the behavior of the students and especially the open sexuality of the women.

Qutb withdrew from classes, but spent another eight months in America. He became even more radicalized, and wrote that “The white man crushes us underfoot…” Gamal Abdul Nasser had overthrown King Faruk after Qutb had returned to Egypt, and Nasser invited him to be an advisor. Qutb advocated that the country be controlled by religion, and Nasser believed in control by a strong military. Nasser eventually threw Qutb in prison, released him in three months to be the editor of the Muslim Brothers magazine, and then shut the magazine down after several critical articles by Qutb. The Muslim Brothers attempted to assassinate Nasser and he had six hanged and thousands of others, including Qutb, imprisoned in concentration camps. Qutb smuggled a manifesto titled Milestones that would have a major influence on radical Muslims, including Osama bin Laden. Qutb plotted from prison to overthrow Nasser with money and arms supplied by Saudi Arabia. He was released from prison, but his plots were revealed. He was arrested, tried, and sentenced to death. He declared after the sentence, “Thank God, I performed jihad for fifteen years until I earned this martyrdom.” Nasser knew Qutb was more dangerous dead than alive, and offered to spare him if Qutb appealed his sentence. He told his pleading sister, “My words will be stronger if they kill me.” He was hanged on August 29, 1966. Continue reading →

Warning to the West–Part II

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The first review about this book discussed the speeches given by Alexander Solzhenitsyn to the AFL-CIO union and the U.S. Congress. This review is about a speech he gave to the members of the Senate and House of Representative on July 15, 1975 and both an interview and a speech on the BBC. His first comment in the speech to Congress was to thank the Senate for “…twice endeavoring to declare me an honorary citizen of the United States.” He quickly transitioned to his warnings to the West. He pointed out that in 1973, the year the United States embarked on detente and “…was precisely the year when starvation rations in Soviet prisons and concentration camps were reduced even further. He then mentions that the United States had the burden of leadership “…for at least half the world.” “We do not look upon you as Democrats or Republicans…we see statesmen, each of whom will play a direct and decisive role in the further course of world history, as it proceeds toward tragedy or salvation.”

The next entry in the book is the text of an interview, which I read to be contentious at times, on the BBC March 1, 1976. Solzhenitsyn responded to a question as to why the Soviets had exiled him instead of sending him back to the concentration camps. He observed that this was an instance where the West took a strong stand, and “…the Soviet Politburo simply took fright.” “I think now …they do regret it–we must remember they …had no choice. This was a rare moment when the West demonstrated unprecedented firmness and forced them to retreat.” However, Solzhenitsyn expressed dismay about the West’s reactions in most circumstances. Russians believed that the West would help raise them from slavery, but the West separated their own freedoms from the fate of the Russians. The press is accused of participating by not understanding their responsibility to publish the truth instead of mediocre headlines. He accuses that the West stood by while several countries fell to Communist rule. Continue reading →

Warning to the West–Part I

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This book contains the texts of speeches given by Alexander Solzhenitsyn in the United States and Britain after his expulsion from the Soviet Union in 1974. The first two in this review will be were given to the AFL-CIO. Solzhenitsyn condemned the Soviet Union and “…its intolerable policy of repression, yet also sharply criticizes those complacent Westerners who support their government’s misguided policy of detente and timidly fear to take up the obligations that freedom-hungry people expect from the leading democracies of the world. ‘Interfere more and more, he pleads…We beg you to come and interfere’.” As an aside from the speeches, Ronald Reagan was campaigning against Gerald Ford for the Republican Presidential nomination in 1974-1975 with warnings about detente with the Soviets. Solzhenitsyn said in one of his AFL-CIO speeches that the USSR was “the concentration of world evil.” Detente with the Soviets did not end until Reagan replaced Carter and declared the USSR to be “The Evil Empire.” 

Solzhenitsyn begins his first speech to the labor leaders with a short history of the Russian Revolution and tells them “…only four months after the October Revolution…all the representatives of the Petrograd factories were denouncing the Communists who had deceived them…” The Communists had fled from Petrograd to Moscow, and had given orders to open fire on the crowds of factory workers demanding election of independent officers. A lathe operator named Alexander Shliapnikov led the Communists before the Revolution: Lenin wasn’t even in the country. Shliapnikov charged in 1921 that the Communist leadership had betrayed the interests of the workers, and he disappeared.

Solzhenitsyn thanked the AFL for publishing a map of Soviet concentration camps to counteract charges by Liberals in the U.S. who were claiming the camps did not exist. He points out that Liberals weren’t the only group supporting the Communists. Capitalists were encouraging business dealings with the Soviets, which of course gave badly needed economic support. He mentions Armand Hammer by name. Some American businessmen arrange an exhibit of criminological technology in Moscow. The KGB purchased the equipment, copied it, and used it to spy on citizens. Solzhenitsyn tells a story about Lenin predicting that Western Capitalists would compete with each other to sell the Soviets everything they needed without any concern for the future. He predicts that “…when the bourgeoisie a rope and the bourgeoisie will hang itself.” Lenin is asked where they would get enough rope for that, he replied, “They will sell it to us themselves.” Continue reading →